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Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Surgical Intervention
Title: Sustained Image Guided Interventions
Author: Nick Tsekos
Abstract:
Image Guided Interventions (IGI) is a rapidly evolving field of interventional medicine due to improved patient management and cost effectiveness. With the advent of state-of-the-art imaging capabilities new opportunities open in eventually combining the traditional organ level imaging (e.g. with MRI or CT) with molecular or cellular level imaging, such as Optical Imaging/spectroscopy (OI/S). Inclusion of molecular imaging in the interventional suite may lead to new patient management paradigms such as “single-session diagnosis/therapy.” Ulitmately, sustained physiological imaging during operations will become routine.
A significant challenge related to multimodality IGI is image co-registration and visualization. In this talk we will focus on MRI guided interventions, approaches in co-registering MRI with trans-cannula high resolution but limited filed-of-view imaging, and graphical interfacing for multimodal diagnosis.
Short Bio:
Nikolaos V. Tsekos received his B.S. degree in Physics from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in Greece, his M.Sc. degree in Physiology and Biophysics from the University of Illinois in Urbana Champaign, and his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. His research interests are in the areas of cardiovascular and interventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and are focused on the development of dynamic MR imaging and MR-compatible robotic manipulators. His work has been funded by the NIH, DOD, the Whitaker Foundation, the American Heart Association, and RSNA. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering at the Washington University in St. Louis.
Title: Sleep Study: Time to Unwind the Wired Subject?
Author: Jayasimha (Jay) Murthy, MD, D.ABSM
Abstract
Image Guided Interventions (IGI) is a rapidly evolving field of interventional medicine due to improved patient management and cost effectiveness. With the advent of state-of-the-art imaging capabilities new opportunities open in eventually combining the traditional organ level imaging (e.g. with MRI or CT) with molecular or cellular level imaging, such as Optical Imaging/spectroscopy (OI/S). Inclusion of molecular imaging in the interventional suite may lead to new patient management paradigms such as “single-session diagnosis/therapy.” Ulitmately, sustained physiological imaging during operations will become routine.
Polysomnography (sleep study) is an essential diagnostic test to aid in the detection of Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB). However, this type of study requires the patient to spend a night in the laboratory with simultaneous recording of sixteen or more channels of continuous data as tracings and the placement of numerous sensors on the legs, trunk, face and scalp including airflow sensors in the nostrils. With all these sensors and wires in place, the sleep pattern of the subject may be significantly disturbed and the recording might not reveal the underlying pathology accurately.
Development of non-contact methods of continuous monitoring of physiological parameters like airflow could significantly impact our ability to diagnose SDB and other sleep disorders in the least obtrusive fashion. However, due to the nature of this proposition, the challenges to overcome will remain unique. This talk will highlight the current principles of diagnosis of SDB with a focus on sleep apnea and continuous airflow monitoring during sleep using thermography.
Short Bio
Jayasimha Murthy, MD, D.ABSM graduated from St. Johns National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India and completed his residency in Internal Medicine in the United States of America. He then completed his fellowship in Pulmonary and Critical care at Baylor College of Medicine at Houston, Texas and pursued the study of Sleep Medicine to become a Diplomate of the American Board of Sleep Medicine. Dr. Murthy is currently an Assistant Professor of Medicine in the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. He is actively involved with patient care, clinical and translational research and the training of medical students, residents and fellows. The focus of his current research lies in the study of sleep apnea and other sleep related breathing disorders. Among the many research projects he is involved with, he is also the PI for the ongoing NIH funded pilot study in Translational Sciences to examine the role of Infrared Imaging in Polysomnography (Sleep Study). This study is a collaborative project with Ioannis Pavlidis, Professor in the Computational Physiology Lab of the University of Houston.
Title: Application of Functional Infrared Imaging to Psychophysiology
Author: Arcangelo Merla
Abstract
Monitoring sympathetic autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been the object of intense study in neurophysiology and psychophysiology. Sympathetic ANS acts on a person’s physiological signs and affects skin temperature. In recent years, it has been shown that through bioheat modeling and signal analysis some of the ANS-induced physiological changes can be harvested via thermal imaging of the face. This has opened a new research area, which leads to non-invasive screening technologies in neurophysiology and psychophysiology. These novel technologies allow contact-free monitoring of emotional states without restricting the subject during experimentation. Thus, they enable the recording of spontaneous and unbiased responses.
Short Bio
Arcangelo Merla holds a Ph.D. in advanced biomedical technologies and bioimaging from the University of Chieti (Italy) and a M.S. (laurea) in physics from the University of Bologna (Italy). His expertise is in the area of biomedical imaging and modeling, with special reference to biomedical and clinical applications of thermal and infrared imaging. Dr. Merla published extensively in these areas in clinical and biomedical journals and refereed conference proceedings over the past years. Dr. Merla had joined the faculty of the Clinical Sciences and Bioimaging Department - School of Medicine, at the University of Chieti as of August 2002. He is the Director of the functional Infrared Imaging Lab at the ITAB – Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies at the Foundation University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, and Visiting Assistant Professor at the Computational Physiology Lab, at the University of Houston.
Title:Physiological Monitoring During Credibility Assessment Interviews
Author: Dean A. Pollina
Abstract
Credibility Assessment is the process of determining the reliability and validity of information, regardless of source. This information includes physiological and behavioral measures acquired overtly or covertly. Physiological monitoring devices used to assess the credibility of information include the traditional polygraph, behavioral measures which assess the information contained in verbal and nonverbal messages, and newer technologies including thermal imaging, eye movement & tracking, laser Doppler vibrometry, and fMRI. There are several polygraph examination formats, and new technologies must develop protocols appropriate for the monitoring device(s) used. In each case, instrument vetting is challenging and the decision to use actual criminal cases under field conditions or volunteers in simulated (laboratory) conditions is difficult. Several new technologies currently being evaluated in our lab will be discussed, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of each in terms of monitoring duration, size of the data stream, known problems inherent in the technology, and the extent to which the underlying physiological process is known. The development of new physiological monitoring devices for use in credibility assessment will necessarily involve the creation of new and effective test formats. As an example of research in this area, recent work on the use of computer-generated avatars to interview humans will be discussed. .
Short Bio
Dean Pollina received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the State University of New York at Binghamton in 1988, a Master of Arts degree from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1992, and a Ph.D. degree from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1994. His research interests include the psychophysiological detection of deception using multivariate statistical techniques and the psychophysiology of self-monitoring during truth-value judgments and other linguistic tasks. Currently, his research is focused on combining traditional polygraph techniques with newer technologies including thermal and brain imaging
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